The northern, Sahelian zone, home to the Fulbe, Tuareg, and Songhay (Songhai) can be considered a third ethnolinguistic and ecological zone. One of the Mande languages, Jula (also spelled Dioula), became the lingua franca of modernity in western Burkina Faso, due to the administrative preferences of the colonial period, such army recruitment, and conversions to Islam. The languages of the country belong mostly to either the Voltaic family (which includes Moore) or the Mande family. In the 19th century, a political mix of village confederations, strongmen, and merchant/warrior networks were in evidence. In contrast, the western third (the real plateau of Burkina) and the southern fringe of the country include a large number of overlapping sociolinguistic groups. The eastern part of Burkina Faso had an analogous hierarchical political structure of separate origin. Moore is the native tongue of half the population. Three political centers dominated the central plain, drained by the Nazinon and Nakambe Rivers (formerly Red and White Volta): Tenkodogo, Ouagadougou, and Ouahigouya, forming together a massive Moose (Mossi) cultural bloc. The central and eastern parts of the country are culturally more homogenous, with a political heritage of chiefdoms, which are linked in hierarchical clusters described as kingdoms.
From its foundation as a French colony, the country has displayed a dualism. Today, Burkina Faso is an exporter of cotton, gold, and the traditional shea and livestock. High population densities have also led to large number of migrants to neighboring Gold Coast and Côte d’Ivoire. Smallholder cereal farms and transhuman pastoralism in the north characterize the economy. Although low-income, it made significant contributions to art and culture, notably by hosting the Pan-African Film and Television Festival (Festival panafricain du cinéma et de la télévision de Ouagadougou, or FESPACO) for several decades. General or Comparative Works and Language Policyīurkina Faso is a landlocked country between the Sahel and Sudanic belts of West Africa.Protests Related to the Journalist Norbert Zongo’s Assassination.Land Rights, Earth Shrines, and Modern Law.Other Miscellaneous Anthropological Studies.Guides to Colonial Archives concerning Burkina Faso.
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